This document is the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for the proposed South Africa: Catalyzing Financing and Capacity for the Biodiversity Economy around Protected Areas (PAs), (the Project) financed through the grant of the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) administered by the World Bank. The ESMF has been prepared by the Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF) in consultation with South African National Parks (SANParks), iSimangaliso Wetland Park Authority (IWPA) and South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) as part of meeting the World Bank Environmental and Social Policy for Investment Project Financing and World Bank’s Environmental and Social Standards (ESS).